Stanley Milgram Set of Reading on Obedience - 945 Words

Why so many people obey when they feel coerced? Social psychologist Stanley Milgram made an experiment to find the effect of authority on obedience. He concluded that people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to cooperate with the authority, even when acting against their own better judgment and desires. Milgram’s experiment illustrates that peoples reluctance to confront those who abuse power. The point of the experiment was to see how far a person will proceed in a concrete and measurable situation in which he is ordered to inflict increasing pain on a protesting victim, at what point will the subject refuse to obey the experimenter. One main question of the experiment was that how far the participant will comply with the†¦show more content†¦In the experiments, many participants felt bad after they obeyed the authority’s orders. This bad emotion is unhelpful to increase the productivity. One assumption of classical theory is that people and organiza tions act in accordance with rational economic principles. According to the experiment, participants felt bad during the experiment, but after they knew the truth, most of them felt glade to join in the stud, and no one was going through for the money. It is truth that the experiment was effective to receive data when following the classical theory. Frederick Taylor’s opinion, which is monitoring worker performance, and providing instructions and supervision, can ensure employees are using the most efficient ways of working. In the experiment, investigator, who performed as authority required participants obeying the orders, help the test being continual. However, it was cruel to make participants felt so badly. 4. I agree with Milgram’s opinions. It is true that people obey the orders even they dislike to do. One of my friends works in a company as a human resource manager. She is the person who does not want to hurt others, but her job requires her to fire people, which she dislikes. She says that she feels upset usually; especially leaders ask her to fire employees. She is looking the psychologist now, which is terrible. I am confused why she changes to another job. The interesting thing is she said she does not consider about the salary, but it is the jobShow MoreRelatedThe Experiments Conducted By Stanley Milgram s The Perils Of Obedience1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram have become one of the most controversial and most influential experiments in the world of psychology. In 1963 the Milgram experiments took place at Yale University, and tested subjects on obedience to authority. While reading Stanly Milgram’s â€Å"The Perils of Obedie nce† the topic of authority to obedience is discussed by Milgram stating: â€Å"Obedience is one of the most basic an element in the structure of social life as one can point to† (691). SubmissionRead MoreObedience, Disobedience, And Disobedience1687 Words   |  7 PagesObedience and Disobedience in People in Relation to â€Å"Holes† People choose how they react to authority based on several things. These include; how they were raised, how much respect they have for the authoritative power, and how that authority has treated someone. This is shown in the novel â€Å"Holes† by Louis Sachar because the main character, Stanley, is sent to a child correction camp and has to obey the upper authority Mr. Sir. He starts out being an obedient child and following all Mr. Sir’s rulesRead MoreA Critique Of Stanley Milgram s The Perils Of Obedience 1064 Words   |  5 PagesKarsten Piper Due Date: 6/27/15 A Critique of Stanley Milgram’s: â€Å"The Perils of Obedience† Stanley Milgram’s article, â€Å"The Perils of Obedience,† first appeared in the December 1973 issue of Harper’s Magazine. In the article, Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, presented the thesis that â€Å"Obedience is a deeply ingrained behavior tendency , indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy and moral conduct .† To prove his point, Milgram conducted a series of experiments at YaleRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1268 Words   |  6 Pagescovenants made is to the covenanter s advantage† (Peacock, 456). The interpretation of Hobbes put forth by Peacock seeks to draw attention to the decision making of the individual in fulfilling a covenant. However, through a reading of Stanley Milgram in â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience,† one is able to comprehend that after an individual has voluntarily committed to an agreement, in this case an experiment, they suddenly feel obliged to remain submis sive and adhere to the instructions of the authorityRead MoreObedience As the Means to a Peaceful Life Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesand do commit violent acts like these in the name of obedience. Zimbardo, Milgram and Orwell show that obedience is a response to the role one assumes in life; to find personal satisfaction and inner peace, one must demonstrate obedience. As found in the infamous Stanford Prison Study, the conviction with which people assume their roles, as well as the extreme behavior they are willing to go to perpetuate their role and demonstrate obedience to the perceived authority stunned even the designerRead MoreDangerously Compliant: Yale Universitys Experiments on Compliance Behavior549 Words   |  3 Pages How far would you go to be obedient? At Yale University, Stanley Milgram set up an experiment testing how much pain a person would cause to an ordinary citizen, only with the reason of being told to do so by an experimental scientist. The subject is told that they are helping with an experiment on punishment-based learning and believe they are conducting this test on someone other than themself. What the subjects do not know is that the true experiment is testing them, not another person. The subjectsRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1313 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiment performed by Stanley Milgra m titled â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†. Stanley Milgram conducted his study in June of 1961 at Yale University. Three months prior to the start of the experiment, a former Nazi war criminal named Adolf Eichmann was put on trial for his involvement with the Nazi party. At the time, society questioned whether Eichmann and other war criminals could be held responsible for their crimes or if they were simply following orders. Milgram designed his experimentRead MoreObedience to Authority Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pageswould never do anything to intentionally hurt another human being. However history has shown that human nature does not always prevail with the best outcomes. The following experiments and real life events all reflect that human beings succumb to obedience even when common sense tells them that what they are doing is wrong. Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment, Milgram’s electric shock study, and the scandal surrounding Abu Ghraib are reflections on the outcome of obeying a command regardless o f theRead MoreObedience, By Stanley Milgram853 Words   |  4 Pages Obedience is practiced everyday throughout everyone s life. It has been engraved in everyone growing up. Students are taught at an early age to obey the higher authority’s commands in school, at home, and in public whether it is the teacher, principal, police officer, and even other parents. Additionally, parents too have to practice obedience. They must be follow orders from their bosses, and they must obey the laws. As a result, obedience becomes second nature, which exposes everyone to problemsRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram950 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Perils of Obedience, Stanley Milgram introduces us to his experimental studies on the conflict between one’s own conscience and obedience to authority. From these experiments, Milgram discovered that a lot of people will obey a figure in authority; irrespective of the task given - even if it goes against their own moral belie f and values. Milgram’s decision to conduct these experiments was to investigate the role of Adolf Eichmann (who played a major part in the Holocaust) and ascertain if

The Impact of Technology on Education - 4413 Words

The Impact of Technology on Education 16 Introduction Higher education is undergoing a radical shift from localized, teacher-centered, face-to-face courses to student-centered online and hybrid courses offered by global universities. The traditional delivery of education is being supplemented and replaced by digital education models. The proliferation of information on the Web, the proliferation of instructional systems vendors, and the burden on faculty to design hybrid courses threaten the quality of digital learning. The literature on instructional quality and pedagogy as applied to e-learning and distance education is growing by leaps and bounds as teachers explore the burgeoning array of options. The hybrid education lexicon remains complex, with educators and students alike working to sort it all out, debating about and utilizing the established taxonomies of digitally-based educational models. A dominant concern is how to refine faculty training in course redesign and institutional support in order to foster the development of qu ality contemporary education. The Constellation of Change The configuration of teaching and learning is undergoing a sea-change. There exists now a constellation of technological options that can be applied to education and that is constantly changing. Changes instructional approaches reflect the rapid shifts in technology. And rivers of information are available to instructors, students, and designers of instruction constantly inShow MoreRelatedImpact of Technology on Education1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Positive Impact of Technology on Education Technology plays a very important role in the field of education, especially in this 21st century. In fact, computer technology has become easier for teachers to transfer knowledge and for students to obtain it. The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning more convenient. Talking in a positive sense, the impact of technology on education has been extraordinary. Using Internet and computersRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education802 Words   |  4 Pages The use of technology expanding broadly in different aspects of our lives and technology plays a significant role in modern society. The technology used globally and it impacts our lives daily for instant: government, businesses, schools, workplace, environment, and household. The technological evolution led humanity from the dark ages to enlightenment and agriculture to industrial. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the definition of technology means â€Å"the practical application of knowledgeRe ad MoreImpact Of Technology On Education829 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Technology on Education The way we teach students in the modern classroom has massively changed throughout the years. One major changing factor is the development and use of technology. Before, classrooms were filled with paper, pencils, crayons, and all things needed to be completely hands on with our education. Now, most classrooms have replaced these things with tablets and laptops and smart boards that students get to spend all day staring at. Technology has the potentialRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology In Education1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof constructivism appear on the fringes of education, there is a polarizing argument about what place technology has in schools. Students are coming to school with computers in the form of phones, tablets, or laptops in their pockets and backpacks. Some schools are leading the charge with BYOD (bring your own device) or BYOT (bring your own technology) initiatives. However, there are still districts, schools, and teachers who will not allow technology i nto their classrooms. Many schools and teachersRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education985 Words   |  4 Pagesthis decade, technology has significant influence in many areas of society especially for improving education, language acquisition, support learning, and it is a great way to access to information. In fact, nowadays students depend on their machine such as computers, laptops, mobile phone to study in the classroom or outside the class. In addition, they use the internet to communicate with teachers and to help them do research for information they need to do homework. Although, technology is a substantialRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education2762 Words   |  12 Pages Technology advancement has really provided new platforms for various disciplines leading to great improvements in the education process. Furthermore, education has been thoroughly lightened as a result of technology being applied to education. Actually, technology can be thought of as the application the scientific knowledge and approaches for the different purposes and in this case, education approaches like learning and teaching. In almost two decade technological approaches have been done andRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Education Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages Education has evolved tremendously over the past centuries. From one room school houses, segregated schools, to public and private schools, forms of education and how we receive it are always changing. In the past decade, technology has become a large part of education and schooling. Views on types of schooling and education are changing rapidly. Videos and articles can be found all over the Internet on basically any subject you can think of. Much of today’s schooling is done through online classesRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education1134 Words   |  5 Pagesfact that United States of America’s education program is a far stretch from futuristic in most distr icts; application of technology has undoubtedly showed itself to be a critical factor in most high performing schools. Technology not only improves the learning environment to better fit the student, but also offers previously inaccessible learning material to students. If seen as an investment by the schools for the benefit of the students, private technology assigned to each student would betterRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Education1404 Words   |  6 PagesWith the great advances in technology, one can accomplish many great feats, be it Virtual Reality, a backpack desktop computer and even smart watches. However, technology has influenced many other parts of our world including education. How has technology influenced education? How do the pupils receive an education? How does technology play a viable role in this process? I will specifically be focusing on how education in South Africa is affected by technology. Technology has played a valuable roleRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education809 Words   |  4 Pageschannels that technology has been able to assert its influence is in the digitization of every perspective of human life. Most of the human activities have adopted a technology; a move normally referred to as digitizing, in their operation. Education has not been left behind. There has been an incorporation of the digital process of learning at all levels of education. The process has a very large influence on the field of education today. Before the introduction of technology in education, learning

Defending Slavery free essay sample

Defending Slavery The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of African slavery in America in the antebellum by late eighteenth century and before the antebellum crisis as discussed in Paul Finkelman’s book: Defending Slavery. This paper will summarize the first part of book taking as a main topic racial aspects of the slavery. After the introductory summary , this paper will focus in two specific sections found in the second part of the book: â€Å"Religion and Slavery† and â€Å"Racial Theory and Slavery†.Lastly, this paper will analyze these two themes used as a justification of African Slavery in early history of America In his book â€Å"Defending Slavery†, Finkelman presents a collection of historical documents written by politicians, lawyers, clergymen and an anonymous author supporting proslavery. In the first part of the book, Finkelman, gives a briefly introduction to the arguments supporting pro slavery in America during the Antebellum. The thoughts defending slavery have in common that slavery in America was justified based on racial aspects.The sociological term â€Å"mudsill theory† was first used by James Henry Hammond, a South Carolina Senator. This term was placed as a strong racial argument in favor of slavery. The basic premise of this theory was that all great societies must have someone to do the menial labor, in order to create a distinction between social classes. In addition, according to this theory this low class labor must be assigned to blacks who were considered an inferior race. Under this context slavery did contribute to create an ample social gap between the â€Å"white† and â€Å"black† races.Religion and Slavery: In this section of the book, Finkelman gathered four documents written by three representatives of the Baptist and Protestant religion and by an anonymous person and edited by De Bow’s Review, a well circulated magazine in the South part of America wi thin 19th century. The first document of this section is â€Å"The Duties of Christian Masters† written by Reverend A. T. Holmes in 1851. This document won a price offered by the Alabama Baptist State Coveention for the best essay.Holmes called the slaveowners as â€Å"Christian masters† and avowed that â€Å"the masters† had the responsibility to hold slaves of an inferior race and should guide and protect the servants. In addition, Holmes noted that white race masters were of â€Å"a superior intellect† and that blacks were â€Å"ignorant†. The essay â€Å"Slavery and the Bible† written by an anonymous author and edited by De Bow’s Review. The author states that the teachings of the Bible are taken as moral truth and because the Bible describes clearly the presence of slavery, therefore it must also be regarded as moral truth.The report â€Å"Duty of Clergymen in Relation to the Marriage of Slaves† from the Protestant Episcopal Convention of South Caroline asserts that slaves could get married by the clergy but if the slave owner considered a necessary separation of the couple, he had the authority to separate them to comply with the â€Å"divine right† from God to master their slaves’ lives. Thornton Stringfellow wrote â€Å"The Bible Argument: Or Slavery in the Light of Divine Revelation†.This report is a synopsis of the theological argument defending slavery as stated in the Old and New Testaments. Religion used to justify slavery had as a core support the Bible teachings but its interpretation was certainly influenced but their solid conviction that God not only allowed slavery but al so ordained. Since racial defenders of slavery relate religious arguments based on Bible citations it is necessary to analyze the documents grouped in the â€Å"Racial Theory and Slavery† section. Racial Theory and Slavery:The section entitled â€Å"Racial and Theory and Slavery† in the second part of the book contains four documents written by Samuel A Cartwright, a South Caroline physician; William Grayson, a South Caroline lawyer and politician; George Fitzhugh, a self educated lawyer and sociologist; and Josiah C. Nott, another well known physician from Alabama who sustained that blacks and whites came from different species. All of these documents were intended to support the theory that black race was not only different that white race but their origins came from different roots. Cartwright and Nott had similar approach.Their explanation from the biological standpoint was in some point linked to a religious interpretation of then bible. Thus, Cartwright depicts the origin of the three most predominant racial groups on Earth: Asian, Europeans and Blacks. He cites the Book of Genesis with the story of Noah and his three sons nd their settlements in three different geographical areas: North of Europe, Asia and Africa. According to Cartwright’s biblical interpretation, this last continent was occupied by Cannan and his descendents were not only black race but also were designated by God;s will to be servant. Josiah Nott extensively wrote papers about race. His argument were based on a theory known as polygenesis. Nott claimed that there had been multiple creations producing superior and inferior races and black race was destined to permanent inferiority. George Fitzhugh’s sociological opinion about slavery were irrational; he stated that slavery was the most perfect institution ever created In his eyes it is the most perfect institution ever created. Southern slavery is perfect, because like the family dog, slaves are happy to be indolent and cared for.G Although Notts writings on race were often irrational in content, extreme in language, and lacked a scientific grounding, they were generally accepted by most of the leading racial theorists of the day in the United States and Europe. Critical Analysis In Paul Finkelman’s book, particularly the fragments dedicated at the defense of slavery based on racial and religious justification state that black people where crea ted by God and placed in Africa with the unique purpose to be servant of white people. This statement was scientifically dismantled by the Charles Darwin’s Theory of Universal Common Descent published in 1889. This theory is based on reliable scientific observations, asserts that â€Å"all living organisms currently present on Earth share a common genetic ancestor with each being the descendant from a single original species. † During more than one hundred and fifty years after Darwin presented this theory, numerous researchers have proven that Darwin’s assertions were correct.In 1851, Samuel Cartwright, a well known New Orleans physician for dedicated his medical practice treating slaves and specialized on what they called â€Å"negro diseases† wrote a report to the Medical Association of Louisiana called: â€Å"The diseases and physical peculiarities of Negro race† . Cartwright’s report described about anthropology and origin of the races providing a biblical interpretation. This paper was clearly based on mere physical obs ervations made on his medical practice rather than scientific evidence.The information about anatomy and physiological reactions of black people was biased by his proslavery opinion. Nowadays, the lack of supporting research of his â€Å"scientific report† made it weak to be used as a legitimate defense of slavery. Although, some of the facts presented in the document were correct in terms of anatomical and physiological differences between black and white people; these facts were loaded of his personal beliefs pro slavery.Furthermore, these facts were presented in a way that a common lay reader will see black and white people as two different and individual human species without any genetic link and without any similarities as a human being descending from the same genetic tree and common ancestry as Darwin’s theory. Another important aspect that contradicts his defense is the introduction of events narrated in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Genesis regarding Noah and his three sons.According to the Genesis, they were settled in three different continents: Europe, Asia and Aftica. Cannan and his descendants occupied the current Ethiopia an d under God’ will were assigned to be servants of the other two brothers. If in fact the Cannan and his Ethiopian descendents were black, how we can explain that they were distinct to the rest of races when it is well known and proven by years of anthropology research that the oldest human remains were found in Ethiopia. These important discoveries in the study of human evolution include Ardi, a hominid who lived 4. 4 million years ago in what is now Ethiopia and â€Å"Lucy† another hominid, who is estimated to have lived 3. 2 million years ago. Based on the study of her bone structural remains showed that human ancestors were up and walking more than 3 millions years ago. Moreover, Charles Darwin’s theory states that similar species such as humans, apes, and monkeys probably evolved, over a period of many thousands of years, from a common, ape-like ancestor.If both very important humans remains were discovered in Ethiopia and the application of common descendant theory, therefore we can conclude that we all current humans descend from an African ancestor. This logical conclusion makes the racial argument of slavery weak because there is not such as inferior or superior race since we all human beings come from the same ancestor. There are phenotypic traits that distinguished a race or ethnic group of another but it doesn’t make them physically and intellectually superior. Charles Darwin did not think that humans evolved from monkeys.Rather, he believed, based on many years of research in the fields of biology and comparative anatomy, that anatomically similar species such as humans, apes, and monkeys probably evolved, over a period of many thousands of years, from a common, ape-like ancestor, now extinct. Recent studies in biology and genetics, using techniques not available in Darwins time, have confirmed and further clarified his theory. In order to gain a further understanding of Darwins thinking, you might want to look up Charles Darwin and Evolution in a variety of encyclopedias, such as Wikipedia (en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Charles_Darwin). High School and College textbooks of biology may also cover this topic with more or less completeness. Many fine books have also been written on this subject, including Darwins The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man and the fine biographical novel, The Origin, by Irving Stone. Read more: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_made_Darwin_think_humans_evolved_from_monkeys#ixzz27qEiO7FG a century this theory has been proven by modern research The Theory of Universal Common Descent was [pic]ShareThisCharles Darwin‘s theory of evolution may have been shaped by his abhorrence of slavery as much as by his keen observations of Galapagos finches, a new book argues. Darwin’s Sacred Cause, by Adrian Desmond and James Moore, notes that slavery propaganda of the time often claimed that different races belonged to different species, a notion that Darwin’s work obliterated. The book suggests that Darwin’s unique approach to evolution – relating all races a nd species by â€Å"common descent† – could have been fostered by his anti-slavery beliefs [BBC News]. Published to coincide with Darwin’s 200th birthday and the 150th anniversary of his publication of On the Origin of Species this year, the book is likely to stir up a new debate over Darwin’s motives. Many members of Darwin’s extended family were deeply devoted to the abolitionist cause, including his grandfather, Josiah Wedgwood, who founded a chinaware company and produced cameos distributed by anti-slavery campaigners; the medallions bore the legend â€Å"Am I Not a Man and a Brother? † Darwin’s mother and wife were Wedgwoods and anti-slavery was what Darwin called a â€Å"sacred cause†. He was taught to see the oppressed black as a â€Å"brother†.This explains why, when he went to Edinburgh University at 16, he could apprentice himself to a freed Guyanese slave to learn the art of bird preservation without thinking it [beneath his dignity] [Times Online]. Darwin later described that former slave as one of his intimate friends. Duri ng the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin saw scenes of slavery in South America that horrified him. He saw the aftermath of slave revolts and the instruments of torture, and heard of a planter who threatened to sell the children of recalcitrant slaves. â€Å"It makes one’s blood boil, yet heart tremble,† he wrote [Times Online].

Individualism Vs. Nationalism free essay sample

One of the biggest debates in the respects of sociology and psychology is the debate between individualism and nationalism. Many believe that the human capacity, or ability to be great, is best shown by the individuality of a person, and that a person can serve as an individual to the rest of the society. The other side of the coin is that being human is not anything significant as an individual and that any kind of development is dependent upon nationalism. But, does being in a collective group actually hurt more than being an individual? The general question of individual commitment to the social order is stressful. To fit into a collective group takes a toll on the mind, and being an individual seems less harboring. The urge to fit in is an unneeded duty that society requires to make everyone accepted because they then feel â€Å"normal. † Simplified, when people want to fit in, feel accepted, and conform, problems show up. We will write a custom essay sample on Individualism Vs. Nationalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I want to buy the latest trend of tights or leggings, I end up disappointing myself. I can’t physically fit into most trends or they don’t look well on me. It mentally affects me. I put myself down, convincing myself I just can’t wear those really â€Å"cute† clothes. As a girl especially, to look â€Å"cute† is how many feel comfortable. Those who don’t feel comfortable in their own skin because of the glorified image of â€Å"fitting in† tend to be most critical to themselves ,and where suicide rolls in, on a personal stage. To understand how personal, suicide can be examined. Many people have argued that suicide is a very personal act, so much so that it only involves the will and the thought process of just the individual who commits suicide. There are many social currents that could explain and predict a persons tendencies to commit suicide related to individualism, such as the urge to fit in. The mental pain that comes along with not fitting in with a collective group drives people to hurt. So, does being, or trying to be, in a collective group worth losing happiness over? Collectivism is the idea of mob mentality. Doesn’t sound too positive or happy when referred to as a mob, does it? When people are in a group, they sometimes stop thinking and just go with the wishes of their peers. When someone is unwilling to think for themselves, and accept the wishes of the people around them, it looks and smells a lot like a collective. So, stressing over becoming one with society is hurtful. Trying to fit in is hurtful. Suicide is hurtful. Not thinking for yourself is hurtful. If being in a group doesn’t lead to any of those things, then the group itself has already taken control.